General

• Schroeder A, Tenforde A, Jelsing E. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the management of sports medicine injuries. Training, prevention, and rehabilitation. 2021.

• Rhim HC, Borg-Stein J, Sampson S, Tenforde, A. Utilizing extracorporeal shockwave therapy for in-season athletes. Healthcare. 2023.

Plantar fasciitis

• Gerdesmeyer L. et al. Radial extracorporeal shock wave is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis: results of a confirmatory randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study. Am J Sports Med. 2008. (Level 1 study)

• Gollwitzer H, Saxena A, et al. Clinically relevant effectiveness of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis: a randomized, controlled multicenter study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015.

• Hammer DS, Adam F, Kreutz A, Rupp S, Kohn D, Seil R. Ultrasonographic evaluation at 6-month follow-up of plantar fasciitis after extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2005.

• Jarnagin JJ, McCormack M, McGinnis KC, Borg-Stein J, Tenforde A. Use of combined shockwave therapy and platelet-rich plasma injection for management of chronic plantar fasciitis in runners. Two case reports. Dtsch Z Sportsmed. 2023.

• Saxena S, Fournier M, Gerdesmeyer L, Gollwitzer H. Comparison between extracorporeal shockwave therapy, placebo ESWT and endoscopic plantar fasciotomy for the treatment of chronic plantar heel pain in the athlete. Muscles, Ligaments, and Tendons Jour. 2012.

• Wang YC, Chen SJ, Huang PJ, Huang HT, Cheng YM, Shih CL. Efficacy of Different Energy Levels Used in Focused and Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. J Clin Med. 2019

Achilles tendinopathy

• Gerdesmeyer L, et al. Current evidence of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. International Journal of Surgery. 2015.

• Rompe JD, Furia J, Maffulli N. Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus shock wave treatment for midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 2009. (Level 1 study)

• Rompe JD, et al. Eccentric loading compared with shock wave treatment for chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. JBJS. 2008.

• Rompe JD, Nafe B, Furia JP, Maffuli N. Eccentric loading, shockwave treatment, or a wait-and-see policy for tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles Tendon: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine. (Level 1 study)

• Robinson DM, Tan CO, Tenforde AS. Functional gains using radial and focused shockwave in the management of Achilles tendinopathy. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2021.

• Saxena A, Shou L, Ashraf S. Combined ESWT and RSW therapy for Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective study. Muscles, Ligaments, and Tendons Jour. 2019.

Proximal “high” hamstring tendinopathy

• Cacchio A, Rompe JD, Furia JP, Susi P, Santilli V, De Paulis F. Shockwave Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy in Professional Athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011;39(1):146-153. (Level 1 study)

Gluteal tendinopathy (greater trochanteric pain syndrome / “hip bursitis”)

• Furia JP, Rompe JD, Maffulli N. Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a treatment for greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Am J Sports Med. 2009

• Rompe JD, Segal NA, Cacchio A, Furia JP, Morral A, Maffulli N. Home training, local corticosteroid injection, or radial shock wave therapy for greater trochanter pain syndrome. Am J Sports Med. 2009.

• Ramon S, Russo S, Santoboni F, Lucenteforte G, Di Luise C, de Unzurrunzaga R, Vetrano M, Albano M, Baldini R, Cugat R, Stella G, Balato G, Seijas R, Nusca SM, Servodidio V, Vulpiani MC. Focused Shockwave Treatment for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020.

Bone stress injuries (stress fractures)

• Cacchio A, Giordano L, Colafarina O, Rompe JD, Tavernese E, Ioppolo F, Flamini S, Spacca G, Santilli V. Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy compared with surgery for hypertrophic long-bone nonunions. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009.

• Cheng JH, Wang CJ. Biological mechanism of shockwave in bone. International Journal of Surgery. 2015.

• Häußer J, Wieber J, Catalá-Lehnen P. The use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of bone marrow oedema - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021

• Tenforde AS, et al. Outcomes using focused shockwave for treatment of bone stress injury in runners. Bioengineering. 2023.

Medial tibial stress syndrome (“shin splints”)

• Moen MH, Rayer S, Schipper M, Schmikli S, Weir A, Tol JL, Backx FJ. Shockwave treatment for medial tibial stress syndrome in athletes: a prospective controlled study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011.

• Rompe JD, Cacchio A, Furia JP, Maffuli N. Low-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy as a treatment for medial tibial stress syndrome. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2010.

Lateral epicondylosis (“tennis elbow”)

• Furia JP. Safety and efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic lateral epicondylitis. The American Journal of Orthopedics. 2005

• Rompe JD, Decking J, Schoellner C, Theis C. Repetitive low-energy shockwave treatment for chronic lateral epicondylitis in tennis players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004.

• Wang CJ. Shockwave therapy for patients with lateral epicondylitis of the elbow - a one to two year follow-up study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2002.